Canada’s population declined by approximately 55,000 individuals in the first quarter of this year, according to recent data released by Statistics Canada. As of April 1, the estimated population stood at 41,417,056, marking a 0.1% decrease attributed to lower immigration rates and a decrease in births compared to deaths.
The early 2026 statistics follow a previous report indicating an overall population decline last year. Notably, the number of permanent immigrants in Canada dropped by about 20% in the first quarter of this year in comparison to the same period in 2025, with figures decreasing from 104,210 to 83,149. Additionally, the count of non-permanent residents fell by over 117,000, although Statistics Canada highlighted potential revisions to these estimates due to evolving international migration policies.
The concept of “natural increase,” where births surpass deaths, turned negative in the first quarter as 155 more deaths were recorded than births across the country. These population shifts have had implications on the economy, with reports suggesting a struggling Canadian economy, partly attributed to the declining population.
National Bank of Canada’s chief economist, Stéfane Marion, emphasized that the population reduction has impacted indicators like the gross domestic product (GDP). He noted that while a smaller population could lead to a larger per-person share of the economic pie, the overall economic size might shrink due to fewer immigrants. Marion and economist Mikal Skuterud from the University of Waterloo highlighted the significance of contributions from all sectors to boost economic growth, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach beyond just increasing immigration levels.
In terms of geographical variations, Alberta demonstrated population growth compared to provinces like Ontario and British Columbia, which experienced greater declines in temporary residents than permanent immigrants. Marion underlined that Alberta remains in a growth phase, with an influx of interprovincial migrants contributing to its population increase. He also mentioned that temporary workers and students played a role in the population decrease in provinces like B.C. and Ontario, where fewer permanent immigrants settled compared to the number of temporary foreign workers and students departing.
The trend of declining international students and global uncertainties have added to the economic challenges facing Canada, with experts pointing out the need for enhanced business investment and a collaborative effort to drive economic expansion.